
|pypi_downloads| |codecov| |license|

============
Introduction
============

This library is mainly for CLI/TUI programs that carefully produce output for Terminals.

Installation
------------

The stable version of this package is maintained on pypi, install or upgrade, using pip::

    pip install --upgrade wcwidth

Problem
-------

All Python string-formatting functions, `textwrap.wrap()`_, `str.ljust()`_, `str.rjust()`_, and
`str.center()`_ **incorrectly** measure the displayed width of a string as equal to the number of
their codepoints.

Some examples of **incorrect results**:

.. code-block:: python

    >>> # result consumes 16 total cells, 11 expected,
    >>> 'コンニチハ'.rjust(11, 'X')
    'XXXXXXコンニチハ'

    >>> # result consumes 5 total cells, 6 expected,
    >>> 'café'.center(6, 'X')
    'caféX'

Solution
--------

The lowest-level functions in this library are derived from POSIX.1-2001 and POSIX.1-2008
`wcwidth(3)`_ and `wcswidth(3)`_, which this library precisely copies by interface as `wcwidth()`_
and `wcswidth()`_.  These functions return -1 when C0 and C1 control codes are present.

An easy-to-use `width()`_ function is provided as a wrapper of `wcswidth()`_ that is also capable of
measuring most terminal control codes and sequences, like colors, bold, tabstops, and horizontal
cursor movement. `width()`_ argument ``term_program`` may provide more accurate terminal measurement
Corrections_ as a wrapper of `wcstwidth()`_.

Text-justification is solved by the sequence-aware functions `ljust()`_, `rjust()`_, `center()`_,
and the grapheme-aware function `wrap()`_, serving as drop-in replacements to python standard
functions.

The `clip()`_ function extracts substrings by their displayed column positions, and
`strip_sequences()`_ removes terminal escape sequences from text altogether.

The iterator functions `iter_graphemes()`_ and `iter_sequences()`_ allow for careful navigation of
grapheme and terminal control sequence boundaries as required by editors or REPLs with cursor
control.  `iter_graphemes_reverse()`_ and `grapheme_boundary_before()`_ are necessary for backward
cursor control over complex unicode.

Discrepancies
-------------

You may find that support *varies* for complex unicode sequences or codepoints.

This library may be considered to presume the terminal is enabled for DEC Private Mode 2027
("Grapheme Clustering") by default, which may require to be enabled by a TUI application but
is often the default mode for those terminals that support it: Windows Terminal, WezTerm, ghostty,
contour, and foot. This library does support any specific "legacy width" measurement, but does
provide Corrections_ for those terminals without grapheme support.

See also:

- `Grapheme Clusters and Terminal Emulators`_
- `terminal-unicode-core.tex`_
- `State of Terminal Emulators in 2025`_
- `Perfecting Terminal Character Width Using Correction Tables (2026)`_

The `jquast/ucs-detect`_ project publishes automatic results of compliance to our standard for Wide
character, Languages, grapheme clustering, complex or combining scripts, emojis, zero-width joiner,
variations, and regional indicator (flags) as a `General Tabulated Summary`_ by terminal emulator
software and version. The results of the ucs-detect project create our correction tables.

========
Overview
========

wcwidth()
---------

Use function ``wcwidth()`` to determine the length of a *single unicode
codepoint*.

A brief overview, through examples, for all of the public API functions.

Full API Documentation at https://wcwidth.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html

wcwidth()
---------

Measures width of a single codepoint,

.. code-block:: python

    >>> # '♀' narrow emoji
    >>> wcwidth.wcwidth('\u2640')
    1

Use function `wcwidth()`_ to determine the length of a *single unicode character*.

See specification_ of character measurements. Note that ``-1`` is returned for control codes.

wcswidth()
----------

Measures width of a string, returns -1 for control codes.

.. code-block:: python

    >>> # '♀️' emoji w/vs-16
    >>> wcwidth.wcswidth('\u2640\ufe0f')
    2

Use function `wcswidth()`_ to determine the length of many, a *string of unicode characters*.

See specification_ of character measurements. Note that ``-1`` is returned if control codes occurs
anywhere in the string.

wcstwidth()
-----------

Same behavior as `wcswidth()`_ with automatic terminal-specific Corrections_, reading
``TERM_PROGRAM`` or ``TERM`` when ``True`` (default), or caller can provide terminal query
XTVERSION_ or ENQ_ response:

.. code-block:: python

    >>> # '♀️' emoji w/vs-16, uncorrected:
    >>> wcwidth.wcswidth('\u2640\ufe0f')
    2
    >>> # corrected,
    >>> wcwidth.wcstwidth('\u2640\ufe0f', term_program='vte')
    1

width()
-------

Use function `width()`_ to measure a string with improved handling of ``control_codes`` and
measurement Corrections_ through ``term_program``:

.. code-block:: python

    >>> # same support as wcswidth(), eg. regional indicator flag:
    >>> wcwidth.width('\U0001F1FF\U0001F1FC')
    2
    >>> # set term_program=True to use wcstwidth()
    >>> wcwidth.width('\U0001F1FF\U0001F1FC', term_program=True)
    1
    >>> # or set term_program for measurement of a specific terminal
    >>> wcwidth.width('\U0001F1FF\U0001F1FC', term_program='contour')
    2
    >>> # but also supports sequences, like SGR colored text, "WARN", followed by reset
    >>> wcwidth.width('\x1b[38;2;255;150;100mWARN\x1b[0m')
    4
    >>> # tabs are measured as though the string begins at a tabstop,
    >>> wcwidth.width('\t', tabsize=4)
    4
    >>> # or, all control characters can be ignored (including tab)
    >>> wcwidth.width('\t\n\a\r', control_codes='ignore')
    0
    >>> # sequences with "indeterminate" effects like Home + Clear are zero-width
    >>> wcwidth.width('\x1b[H\x1b[2J')
    0
    >>> # horizontal cursor movements are parsed,
    >>> wcwidth.width('hello\b\b\b\b\bworld')
    5
    >>> wcwidth.width('hello\x1b[5Dworld')
    5
    >>> # or ignored,
    >>> wcwidth.width('hello\x1b[5Dworld', control_codes='ignore')
    10
    >>> # Measure width of text using kitty text sizing protocol (OSC 66),
    >>> width('\x1b]66;w=2;XY\x07')
    2
    >>> # Scaled text sizing: each grapheme occupies 'scale' cells
    >>> width('\x1b]66;s=2;ABC\x07')
    6

Use ``control_codes='ignore'`` when the input is known not to contain any control characters or
terminal sequences for slightly improved performance. Note that TAB (``'\t'``) is a control
character and is also ignored, you may want to use `str.expandtabs()`_, first.

Use ``control_codes='strict'`` when input is known to contain some control sequences, such as
SGR color, bold, hyperlinks and cursor movement. Any sequence that cannot be accurately parsed
for horizontal measurement, such as clearing the screen, vertical, or absolute cursor movement will
raise ``ValueError``:

.. code-block:: python

    >>> # or, raise ValueError for "indeterminate" effects using control_codes='strict'
    >>> wcwidth.width('\n', control_codes='strict')
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    ...
    ValueError: Vertical movement character 0xa at position 0


    >>> wcwidth.width('\x1b[H\x1b[2J', control_codes='strict')
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    ...
    ValueError: Indeterminate cursor sequence at position 0, '\x1b[H'


    >>> # cursor left movement beyond string start raises in strict mode,
    >>> wcwidth.width('a\x1b[5Da', control_codes='strict')
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    ...
    ValueError: Cursor left movement at position 1 would move 5 cells left from column 1, exceeding string start

iter_sequences()
----------------

Iterates through text, segmented by terminal sequence,

.. code-block:: python

    >>> list(wcwidth.iter_sequences('hello'))
    [('hello', False)]
    >>> list(wcwidth.iter_sequences('\x1b[31mred\x1b[0m'))
    [('\x1b[31m', True), ('red', False), ('\x1b[0m', True)]

Use `iter_sequences()`_ to split text into segments of plain text and escape sequences. Each tuple
contains the segment string and a boolean indicating whether it is an escape sequence (``True``) or
text (``False``).

iter_graphemes()
----------------

Use `iter_graphemes()`_ to iterate over *grapheme clusters* of a string.

.. code-block:: python

    >>> from wcwidth import iter_graphemes
    >>> # ok + Regional Indicator 'Z', 'W' (Zimbabwe)
    >>> list(wcwidth.iter_graphemes('ok\U0001F1FF\U0001F1FC'))
    ['o', 'k', '🇿🇼']

    >>> # cafe + combining acute accent
    >>> list(wcwidth.iter_graphemes('cafe\u0301'))
    ['c', 'a', 'f', 'é']

    >>> # ok + Emoji Man + ZWJ + Woman + ZWJ + Girl
    >>> list(wcwidth.iter_graphemes('ok\U0001F468\u200D\U0001F469\u200D\U0001F467'))
    ['o', 'k', '👨\u200d👩\u200d👧']

A grapheme cluster is what a user perceives as a single character, even if it is composed of
multiple Unicode codepoints. This function implements `Unicode Standard Annex #29`_ grapheme cluster
boundary rules.

ljust()
-------

Use `ljust()`_ as replacement of `str.ljust()`_:

.. code-block:: python

    >>> 'コンニチハ'.ljust(11, '*')             # don't do this
    'コンニチハ******'
    >>> wcwidth.ljust('コンニチハ', 11, '*')    # do this!
    'コンニチハ*'

rjust()
-------

Use `rjust()`_ as replacement of `str.rjust()`_:

.. code-block:: python

    >>> 'コンニチハ'.rjust(11, '*')             # don't do this
    '******コンニチハ'
    >>> wcwidth.rjust('コンニチハ', 11, '*')    # do this!
    '*コンニチハ'

center()
--------

Use `center()`_ as replacement of `str.center()`_:

.. code-block:: python

    >>> 'cafe\u0301'.center(6, '*')             # don't do this
    'café*'
    >>> wcwidth.center('cafe\u0301', 6, '*')
    '*café*'                                    # do this!

wrap()
------

Use function `wrap()`_ to wrap text containing terminal sequences, Unicode grapheme
clusters, and wide characters to a given display width.

.. code-block:: python

    >>> from wcwidth import wrap
    >>> # Basic wrapping
    >>> wrap('hello world', 5)
    ['hello', 'world']

    >>> # Wrapping CJK text (each character is 2 cells wide)
    >>> wrap('コンニチハ', 4)
    ['コン', 'ニチ', 'ハ']

    >>> # Text with ANSI color sequences - SGR codes are propagated by default
    >>> # Each line ends with reset, next line starts with restored style
    >>> wrap('\x1b[1;31mhello world\x1b[0m', 5)
    ['\x1b[1;31mhello\x1b[0m', '\x1b[1;31mworld\x1b[0m']

clip()
------

Use `clip()`_ to extract a substring by column positions, preserving terminal sequences.

.. code-block:: python

    >>> from wcwidth import clip
    >>> # Wide characters split to Narrow boundaries using fillchar=' '
    >>> clip('中文字', 0, 3)
    '中 '
    >>> clip('中文字', 1, 5, fillchar='.')
    '.文.'

    >>> # SGR codes are propagated by default - result begins with active style
    >>> # and ends with reset if styles are active
    >>> clip('\x1b[1;31mHello world\x1b[0m', 6, 11)
    '\x1b[1;31mworld\x1b[0m'

    >>> # Disable SGR propagation to preserve sequence order outside of clip boundary
    >>> clip('\x1b[31m中文\x1b[32m', 0, 3, propagate_sgr=False)
    '\x1b[31m中 \x1b[32m'

    >>> # Cursor-left overwrites previous text (painter's algorithm)
    >>> clip('hello\x1b[2DXY', 0, 5)
    'helXY'
    >>> # Carriage return resets to column 0, overwriting earlier cells
    >>> clip('abc\rXY', 0, 5)
    'XYc'

    >>> # even OSC 8 hyperlink text may be clipped, 'Click This link' -> 'is link' !
    >>> clip('\x1b]8;;http://example.com\x07Click This link\x1b]8;;\x07', 8, 15)
    '\x1b]8;;http://example.com\x07is link\x1b]8;;\x07'

    >>> # and OSC 66 kitty text sizing, supporting width and scale, 'Look' -> '...ook'
    >>> clip('\x1b]66;w=4:s=4;Look\x07', 1, 16, fillchar='.')
    '...\x1b]66;s=4:w=3;ook\x07'

Use ``overtyping=False`` when the input is known not to contain any cursor movement characters
(``\b``, ``\r``, ``CSI C``, ``CSI D``, ``CSI G``) for improved performance.  When
``overtyping=None`` (default), a slower "Painter's algorithm" may be used after testing for the
presence of these characters. ``overtyping`` has no effect when ``control_codes='ignore'``.

strip_sequences()
-----------------

Use `strip_sequences()`_ to remove all terminal escape sequences from text.

.. code-block:: python

    >>> from wcwidth import strip_sequences
    >>> strip_sequences('\x1b[31mred\x1b[0m')
    'red'

.. _ambiguous_width:

Ambiguous Width
---------------

Some Unicode characters have "East Asian Ambiguous" (A) width. These characters display as 1 cell by
default, matching Western terminal contexts, but many CJK (Chinese, Japanese, Korean) environments
may have a preference for 2 cells.  This is often found as boolean option, "Ambiguous width as wide"
in Terminal Emulator software preferences.

The ``ambiguous_width`` parameter is available on all width-measuring functions: `wcwidth()`_,
`wcswidth()`_, `width()`_, `ljust()`_, `rjust()`_, `center()`_, `wrap()`_, and `clip()`_.

By default, wcwidth treats ambiguous characters as narrow (width 1). For CJK environments where your
terminal is configured to display ambiguous characters as double-width, pass ``ambiguous_width=2``:

.. code-block:: python

    >>> # CIRCLED DIGIT ONE - ambiguous width
    >>> wcwidth.width('\u2460')
    1
    >>> wcwidth.width('\u2460', ambiguous_width=2)
    2

**Terminal Detection**

The most reliable method to detect whether a terminal profile is set for "Ambiguous width as wide"
mode is to display an ambiguous character surrounded by a pair of Cursor Position Report (CPR)
queries with a terminal in cooked or raw mode, and to parse the responses for their ``(y, x)``
locations and measure the difference ``x``.

This code should also be careful to check whether it is attached to a terminal and be careful of
possible timeout, slow network, or non-response when working with "dumb terminals" like a CI build.

`jquast/blessed`_ library provides such a helping `Terminal.detect_ambiguous_width()`_ method:

.. code-block:: python

    >>> import blessed, functools
    >>> # Detect terminal ambiguous width as wide (2) or narrow (1)
    >>> ambiguous_width = blessed.Terminal().detect_ambiguous_width()
    >>> # Define a new 'width' function with this argument
    >>> awidth = functools.partial(wcwidth.width, ambiguous_width=ambiguous_width)
    >>> # result depends on attached terminal mode
    >>> awidth('\u2460')
    1

Corrections
-----------

Corrections may be automatically applied depending on the detected or given terminal software name
beginning with wcwidth release 0.8.0. This allows to correct widths for terminal software that
differs from the python wcwidth specification_.  These corrections are sourced from the
`jquast/ucs-detect`_ project.

The ``term_program`` parameter is available on all width-measuring functions: `wcstwidth()`_,
`width()`_, `ljust()`_, `rjust()`_, `center()`_, `wrap()`_, and `clip()`_.

`wcstwidth()`_ defaults to ``term_program=True``, auto-detecting the terminal from the
``TERM_PROGRAM`` or ``TERM`` environment variable.  All other functions default to
``term_program=False``, disabling corrections.  Use ``term_program=True`` for automatic
detection by environment values of ``TERM`` and ``TERM_PROGRAM``.

.. code-block:: python

    # VTE terminals (Gnome Terminal Et al.) still render trigrams as narrow (1 cell), but their
    # definition was changed to wide in Unicode 16 (September 2024).
    >>> wcwidth.wcswidth('\u2630')
    2
    >>> wcwidth.wcstwidth('\u2630', term_program='vte')
    1

    # account for Alacritty non-support of emoji ZWJ:
    # man + ZWJ + woman + ZWJ + girl + ZWJ + boy
    >>> family = '\U0001F468\u200D\U0001F469\u200D\U0001F467\u200D\U0001F466'
    >>> wcwidth.wcswidth(family)
    2
    >>> wcwidth.wcstwidth(family, term_program='alacritty')
    8

Only detectable_ terminals are included: those that identify themselves by XTVERSION_, ENQ_, any
``TERM_PROGRAM`` or a unique ``TERM`` environment value.  For the most accurate correction tables,
query the terminal's software version via XTVERSION_ (``CSI > q``) using a higher-level interactive
terminal library like `jquast/blessed`_:

.. code-block:: python

    >>> import blessed, wcwidth
    >>> term = blessed.Terminal()
    >>> sw_ver = term.get_software_version()
    >>> print(sw_ver)
    SoftwareVersion(name='VTE', version='7600')
    >>> wcwidth.width('\u2630', term_program=sw_ver.name)
    1

This is important because ``TERM_PROGRAM`` is not forwarded for remote hosts, like SSH, and many
terminals may only be identified using XTVERSION_ or ENQ_.  Use `list_term_programs()`_ to see all
recognized names:

.. BEGIN_LIST_TERM_PROGRAMS
.. code-block:: python

    >>> wcwidth.list_term_programs()
    ('alacritty', 'apple_terminal', 'bobcat', 'contour', 'extraterm', 'foot',
     'ghostty', 'hyper', 'iterm.app', 'iterm2', 'kitty', 'konsole', 'mintty',
     'mlterm', 'pterm', 'putty', 'rio', 'rxvt', 'rxvt-unicode-256color', 'st',
     'st-256color', 'tabby', 'terminology', 'urxvt', 'vscode', 'vte', 'warp',
     'warpterminal', 'wezterm', 'xterm', 'xterm-ghostty', 'xterm-kitty',
     'xterm.js')

.. END_LIST_TERM_PROGRAMS

``term_program=False`` (the default for `width()`_, `ljust()`_, `rjust()`_, `center()`_,
`wrap()`_, and `clip()`_) disables terminal corrections.

For automatic tests and other purposes that require cross-environment consistency, set static values
or unset ``TERM`` and ``TERM_PROGRAM`` environment values, such as in ``conftest.py`` with pytest:

.. code-block:: python

    @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
    def _clear_term_program():
        """unset TERM/TERM_PROGRAM before each test."""
        saved_term = os.environ.pop('TERM', None)
        saved_tprog = os.environ.pop('TERM_PROGRAM', None)
        yield
        if saved_term is not None:
            os.environ['TERM'] = saved_term
        if saved_tprog is not None:
            os.environ['TERM_PROGRAM'] = saved_tprog

==========
Developing
==========

Install wcwidth in editable mode::

   pip install -e .

Execute all code generation, autoformatters, linters and unit tests using tox::

   tox

Or execute individual tasks, see ``tox -lv`` for all available targets::

   tox -e pylint,py36,py314

To run tests with detailed coverage reporting showing missing lines::

   tox -epy314 -- --cov-report=term-missing

Updating Unicode Version
------------------------

Regenerate python code tables from latest Unicode Specification data files::

   tox -e update

The script is located at ``bin/update-tables.py``, requires Python 3.9 or
later. It is recommended but not necessary to run this script with the newest
Python, because the newest Python has the latest ``unicodedata`` for generating
comments.

Building Documentation
----------------------

This project is using `sphinx`_ 4.5 to build documentation::

   tox -e sphinx

The output will be in ``docs/_build/html/``.

Updating Requirements
---------------------

This project is using `pip-tools`_ to manage requirements.

To upgrade requirements for updating unicode version, run::

   tox -e update_requirements_update

To upgrade requirements for testing, run::

   tox -e update_requirements38,update_requirements39

To upgrade requirements for building documentation, run::

   tox -e update_requirements_docs

====
Uses
====

This library is used in:

- `jquast/blessed`_: a thin, practical wrapper around terminal capabilities in
  Python.

- `jquast/telix`_:  A Modern telnet client especially designed for BBSs and MUDs.

- `prompt-toolkit/python-prompt-toolkit`_: a Library for building powerful
  interactive command lines in Python.

- `urwid/urwid`_: Console user interface library for Python

- `prettytable/prettytable`_:  Display tabular data in a visually appealing ASCII table format

- `leviathan0992/Pylsy`_:  Pylsy is a simple python library draw tables in the Terminal. Just two
  lines of code.

- `dbcli/pgcli`_: Postgres CLI with autocompletion and syntax highlighting.

- `thomasballinger/curtsies`_: a Curses-like terminal wrapper with a display
  based on compositing 2d arrays of text.

- `selectel/pyte`_: Simple VTXXX-compatible linux terminal emulator.

- `astanin/python-tabulate`_: Pretty-print tabular data in Python, a library
  and a command-line utility.

- `rspeer/python-ftfy`_: Fixes mojibake and other glitches in Unicode
  text.

- `nbedos/termtosvg`_: Terminal recorder that renders sessions as SVG
  animations.

- `peterbrittain/asciimatics`_: A cross platform package to do curses-like operations, plus higher
  level APIs and widgets to create text UIs and ASCII art animations

- `python-cmd2/cmd2`_: A tool for building interactive command line apps

- `stratis-storage/stratis-cli`_: CLI for the Stratis project

- `ihabunek/toot`_: A Mastodon CLI/TUI client

- `saulpw/visidata`_: Terminal spreadsheet multitool for discovering and
  arranging data

- `jquast/ucs-detect`_: Utility for unicode support detection.

===============
Other Languages
===============

The following libraries provide grapheme and emoji support and closely align with our
specification_:

- `jacobsandlund/uucode`_ Zig
- `contour-terminal/libunicode`_ C++20

There are similar implementations of at least the `wcwidth()`_ and `wcswidth()`_ functions in other
languages:

- `ridiculousfish/widecharwidth`_: Python
- `termux/wcwidth`_: C
- `powerman/wcwidth-icons`_: C
- `timoxley/wcwidth`_: JavaScript
- `janlelis/unicode-display_width`_: Ruby
- `alecrabbit/php-wcwidth`_: PHP
- `Text::CharWidth`_: Perl
- `bluebear94/Terminal-WCWidth`_: Perl 6
- `mattn/go-runewidth`_: Go
- `grepsuzette/wcwidth`_: Haxe
- `aperezdc/lua-wcwidth`_: Lua
- `joachimschmidt557/zig-wcwidth`_: Zig
- `mycoboco/wcwidth.js`_: JavaScript
- `ainame/swift-displaywidth`_: Swift
- `pmonks/clj-wcwidth`_: Clojure
- `fumiyas/wcwidth-cjk`_: `LD_PRELOAD` override
- `joshuarubin/wcwidth9`_: Unicode version 9 in C
- `spectreconsole/wcwidth`_: C#

=======
History
=======

0.8.3 *2026-08-28*
  * **Bugfix** Do not hang on `wrap()`_ calls of width 1 with text containing OSC8 hyperlinks and
    wide characters, `PR #231`_.
  * **Bugfix** `clip()`_ with ``propagate_sgr=True``, should match behavior of `propagate_sgr()`_,
    `PR #235`_.

0.8.2 *2026-06-29*
  * **Bugfix** Do not raise IndexError when legacy POSIX ``n`` argument to `wcswidth()`_ or
    `wcstwidth()`_ exceeds the given string length. `PR #230`_

0.8.1 *2026-06-08*
  * **Improved** `wcstwidth()`_ with new ``zeroer``, ``narrow_wider``, and ``narrow_zeroer``
    Corrections_. `PR #226`_

0.8.0 *2026-06-05*
  * **New** support for Variation Selector 15 Emojis as narrow, `Issue #211`_.
  * **New** argument, ``term_program`` for `wcstwidth()`_, `width()`_, `clip()`_, `wrap()`_,
    `ljust()`_, `rjust()`_, and `center()`_.  ``False`` disables Corrections_; ``True``
    auto-detects by ``TERM_PROGRAM`` or ``TERM``; string values accept canonical names matching
    `list_term_programs()`_.  `wcstwidth()`_ defaults to ``True``; all other functions
    default to ``False``.
  * **Improved** performance on Python 3.15 using standard library iter_graphemes() `PR #206`_.
  * **Improved** memory usage and import time for Python 3.15 using lazy imports `PR #221`_.
  * **Bugfix** Invisible_Stacker viramas now form conjuncts (Burmese, Khmer, etc.) and
    change some Virama width calculations to match `jacobsandlund/uucode`_ (ghostty) `PR #223`_.
  * **Updated** graphemes width maximum now 2, matching Ghostty, foot, and Windows Terminal `PR
    #224`_.

0.7.0 *2026-05-02*
  * **New** support for `kitty text sizing protocol`_ (OSC 66) in `width()`_ and `clip()`_.
  * **New** `clip()`_ parameter ``control_codes='parse'``, ``'ignore'``, and ``'strict'``. `clip()`_
    is now able to clip OSC 8 hyperlinks and OSC 66 text sizing sequences.
  * **Improved** `clip()`_ and `width()`_ to support horizontal cursor sequences (``cub``, ``cuf``,
    ``hpa``). Cursor-left (``cub``) or backspace (``\b``) now overwrites text.  ``column_address``
    (``hpa``) and carriage return (``\r``) are now parsed, and more values conditionally raise
    ``ValueError`` when ``control_codes='strict'``.

0.6.0 *2026-02-06*
  * **New** Parameters ``expand_tabs``, ``replace_whitespace``, ``fix_sentence_endings``,
    ``drop_whitespace``, ``max_lines``, and ``placeholder`` for `wrap()`_, completing stdlib
    `textwrap.wrap()`_ compatibility.

0.5.3 *2026-01-30*
  * **Bugfix** Brahmic using Virama conjunct formation. `Issue #155`_, `PR #204`_.

0.5.2 *2026-01-29*
  * **Bugfix** Measurement of category ``Mc`` (`Spacing Combining Mark`_), approx.  443, has a more
    nuanced specification_, and may be categorized as either zero or wide. `PR #200`_.
  * **Bugfix** Measurement of "standalone" modifiers and regional indicators, `PR #202`_.
  * **Updated** Data files used in some automatic tests are no longer distributed. `PR #199`_

0.5.1 *2026-01-27*
  * **Updated** generated zero and wide code tables to length of 1 to complete the previously
    announced removal of historical wide and zero tables. `PR #196`_.

0.5.0 *2026-01-26*
  * **Drop Support** of many historical versions of wide and zero unicode tables.  Only the latest
    Unicode version (17.0.0) is now shipped. The related ``unicode_version='auto'`` keyword of the
    `wcwidth()`_ family of functions are ignored. `list_versions()`_ always returns a tuple of only
    a single element of the only unicode version supported. `PR #195`_.
  * **Performance** improvement of most common call without version or ambiguous_width specified by
    20%. `PR #195`_.
  * **New** Function `propagate_sgr()`_ for applying SGR state propagation to a list of lines.
    `PR #194`_.
  * **Improved** `wrap()`_ and `clip()`_ with ``propagate_sgr=True``. `PR #194`_.
  * **Bugfix** `clip()`_ zero-width characters at clipping boundaries. `PR #194`_.
  * **Bugfix** OSC Hyperlinks when broken mid-text by `wrap()`_. `PR #193`_.

0.4.0 *2026-01-25*
  * **New** Functions `iter_graphemes_reverse()`_, `grapheme_boundary_before()`_. `PR #192`_.
  * **Bugfix** OSC Hyperlinks should not be broken by `wrap()`_. `PR #191`_.

0.3.5 *2026-01-24*
  * **Bugfix** packaging of 0.3.4 contains a failing test.

0.3.4 *2026-01-24*
  * **Bugfix** `center()`_ should match the eccentric `parity padding`_.
    of `str.center()`_. `PR #188`_.

0.3.3 *2026-01-24*
  * **Performance** improvement in `width()`_. `PR #185`_.
  * **Bugfix** missing ``py.typed``, ``Typing :: Typed``. `PR #184`_.

0.3.2 *2026-01-23*
  * **Updated** type hinting for full ``mympy --strict`` compliance. `PR #183`_.

0.3.1 *2026-01-22*
  * **Performance** improvement up to 30% in `width()_`. `PR #181`_.

0.3.0 *2026-01-21*
  * **Drop Support** for Python 3.6 and 3.7. `PR #156`_.
  * **New** Function `iter_graphemes()`_. `PR #165`_.
  * **New** Functions `width()`_ and `iter_sequences()`_. `PR #166`_.
  * **New** Functions `ljust()`_, `rjust()`_, `center()`_. `PR #168`_.
  * **New** Function `wrap()`_. `PR #169`_.
  * **Performance** improvement in `wcswidth()`_. `PR #171`_.
  * **New** argument ``ambiguous_width`` to all functions. `PR #172`_.
  * **New** Functions `clip()`_ and `strip_sequences()`_. `PR #173`_.
  * **Bugfix** Characters with ``Default_Ignorable_Code_Point`` property now
    return width 0. `PR #174`_.
  * **Bugfix** Characters with ``Prepended_Concatenation_Mark`` property now
    return width 1. `PR #175`_.

0.2.14 *2025-09-22*
  * **Drop Support** for Python 2.7 and 3.5. `PR #117`_.
  * **Update** tables to include Unicode Specifications 16.0.0 and 17.0.0.
    `PR #146`_.
  * **Bugfix** U+00AD SOFT HYPHEN should measure as 1, versions 0.2.9 through
    0.2.13 measured as 0. `PR #149`_.

0.2.13 *2024-01-06*
  * **Bugfix** zero-width support for Hangul Jamo (Korean)

0.2.12 *2023-11-21*
  * **Bugfix** Re-release to remove `.pyi` files misplaced in wheel `Issue #101`_.

0.2.11 *2023-11-20*
  * **Updated** Include tests files in the source distribution (`PR #98`_, `PR #100`_).

0.2.10 *2023-11-13*
  * **Bugfix** accounting of some kinds of emoji sequences using U+FE0F
    Variation Selector 16 (`PR #97`_).
  * **Updated** specification_.

0.2.9 *2023-10-30*
  * **Bugfix** zero-width characters used in Emoji ZWJ sequences, Balinese,
    Jamo, Devanagari, Tamil, Kannada and others (`PR #91`_).
  * **Updated** to include specification_ of character measurements.

0.2.8 *2023-09-30*
  * Include requirements files in the source distribution (`PR #82`_).

0.2.7 *2023-09-28*
  * **Updated** tables to include Unicode Specification 15.1.0.
  * Include ``bin``, ``docs``, and ``tox.ini`` in the source distribution

0.2.6 *2023-01-14*
  * **Updated** tables to include Unicode Specification 14.0.0 and 15.0.0.
  * **Changed** developer tools to use pip-compile, and to use jinja2 templates
    for code generation in `bin/update-tables.py` to prepare for possible
    compiler optimization release.

0.2.1 .. 0.2.5 *2020-06-23*
  * **Repository** changes to update tests and packaging issues, and
    begin tagging repository with matching release versions.

0.2.0 *2020-06-01*
  * **Enhancement**: Unicode version may be selected by exporting the
    Environment variable ``UNICODE_VERSION``, such as ``13.0``, or ``6.3.0``.
    See the `jquast/ucs-detect`_ CLI utility for automatic detection.
  * **Enhancement**:
    API Documentation is published to readthedocs.io.
  * **Updated** tables for *all* Unicode Specifications with files
    published in a programmatically consumable format, versions 4.1.0
    through 13.0

0.1.9 *2020-03-22*
  * **Performance** optimization by `Avram Lubkin`_, `PR #35`_.
  * **Updated** tables to Unicode Specification 13.0.0.

0.1.8 *2020-01-01*
  * **Updated** tables to Unicode Specification 12.0.0. (`PR #30`_).

0.1.7 *2016-07-01*
  * **Updated** tables to Unicode Specification 9.0.0. (`PR #18`_).

0.1.6 *2016-01-08 Production/Stable*
  * ``LICENSE`` file now included with distribution.

0.1.5 *2015-09-13 Alpha*
  * **Bugfix**:
    Resolution of "combining_ character width" issue, most especially
    those that previously returned -1 now often (correctly) return 0.
    resolved by `Philip Craig`_ via `PR #11`_.
  * **Deprecated**:
    The module path ``wcwidth.table_comb`` is no longer available,
    it has been superseded by module path ``wcwidth.table_zero``.

0.1.4 *2014-11-20 Pre-Alpha*
  * **Feature**: ``wcswidth()`` now determines printable length
    for (most) combining_ characters.  The developer's tool
    `bin/wcwidth-browser.py`_ is improved to display combining_
    characters when provided the ``--combining`` option
    (`Thomas Ballinger`_ and `Leta Montopoli`_ `PR #5`_).
  * **Feature**: added static analysis (prospector_) to testing
    framework.

0.1.3 *2014-10-29 Pre-Alpha*
  * **Bugfix**: 2nd parameter of wcswidth was not honored.
    (`Thomas Ballinger`_, `PR #4`_).

0.1.2 *2014-10-28 Pre-Alpha*
  * **Updated** tables to Unicode Specification 7.0.0.
    (`Thomas Ballinger`_, `PR #3`_).

0.1.1 *2014-05-14 Pre-Alpha*
  * Initial release to pypi, Based on Unicode Specification 6.3.0

This code was originally derived directly from C code of the same name,
whose latest version is available at
https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/wcwidth.c::

 * Markus Kuhn -- 2007-05-26 (Unicode 5.0)
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software
 * for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted. The author
 * disclaims all warranties with regard to this software.

.. _`Spacing Combining Mark`: https://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/ch04.pdf#G134153
.. _`specification`: https://wcwidth.readthedocs.io/en/latest/specs.html
.. _`tox`: https://tox.wiki/en/latest/
.. _`prospector`: https://github.com/landscapeio/prospector
.. _`combining`: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combining_character
.. _`bin/`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/tree/master/bin
.. _`bin/wcwidth-browser.py`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/blob/master/bin/wcwidth-browser.py
.. _`Thomas Ballinger`: https://github.com/thomasballinger
.. _`Leta Montopoli`: https://github.com/lmontopo
.. _`Philip Craig`: https://github.com/philipc
.. _`PR #3`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/3
.. _`PR #4`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/4
.. _`PR #5`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/5
.. _`PR #11`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/11
.. _`PR #18`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/18
.. _`PR #30`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/30
.. _`PR #35`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/35
.. _`PR #82`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/82
.. _`PR #91`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/91
.. _`PR #97`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/97
.. _`PR #98`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/98
.. _`PR #100`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/100
.. _`PR #117`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/117
.. _`PR #146`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/146
.. _`PR #149`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/149
.. _`PR #156`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/156
.. _`PR #165`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/165
.. _`PR #166`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/166
.. _`PR #168`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/168
.. _`PR #169`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/169
.. _`PR #171`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/171
.. _`PR #172`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/172
.. _`PR #173`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/173
.. _`PR #174`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/174
.. _`PR #175`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/175
.. _`PR #181`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/181
.. _`PR #183`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/183
.. _`PR #184`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/184
.. _`PR #185`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/185
.. _`PR #188`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/188
.. _`PR #191`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/191
.. _`PR #192`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/192
.. _`PR #193`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/193
.. _`PR #194`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/194
.. _`PR #195`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/195
.. _`PR #196`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/196
.. _`PR #199`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/199
.. _`PR #200`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/200
.. _`PR #202`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/202
.. _`PR #204`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/204
.. _`PR #206`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/206
.. _`PR #221`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/221
.. _`PR #223`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/223
.. _`PR #224`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/224
.. _`PR #226`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/226
.. _`PR #230`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/230
.. _`PR #231`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/231
.. _`PR #235`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/pull/235
.. _`Issue #101`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/issues/101
.. _`Issue #155`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/issues/155
.. _`Issue #190`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/issues/190
.. _`Issue #211`: https://github.com/jquast/wcwidth/issues/211
.. _`jquast/blessed`: https://github.com/jquast/blessed
.. _`jquast/telix`: https://github.com/jquast/telix
.. _`selectel/pyte`: https://github.com/selectel/pyte
.. _`thomasballinger/curtsies`: https://github.com/thomasballinger/curtsies
.. _`dbcli/pgcli`: https://github.com/dbcli/pgcli
.. _`prompt-toolkit/python-prompt-toolkit`: https://github.com/prompt-toolkit/python-prompt-toolkit
.. _`timoxley/wcwidth`: https://github.com/timoxley/wcwidth
.. _`wcwidth(3)`:  https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/wcwidth.3.html
.. _`wcswidth(3)`: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/wcswidth.3.html
.. _`astanin/python-tabulate`: https://github.com/astanin/python-tabulate
.. _`janlelis/unicode-display_width`: https://github.com/janlelis/unicode-display_width
.. _`rspeer/python-ftfy`: https://github.com/rspeer/python-ftfy
.. _`alecrabbit/php-wcwidth`: https://github.com/alecrabbit/php-wcwidth
.. _`Text::CharWidth`: https://metacpan.org/pod/Text::CharWidth
.. _`bluebear94/Terminal-WCWidth`: https://github.com/bluebear94/Terminal-WCWidth
.. _`mattn/go-runewidth`: https://github.com/mattn/go-runewidth
.. _`grepsuzette/wcwidth`: https://github.com/grepsuzette/wcwidth
.. _`jquast/ucs-detect`: https://github.com/jquast/ucs-detect
.. _`Avram Lubkin`: https://github.com/avylove
.. _`nbedos/termtosvg`: https://github.com/nbedos/termtosvg
.. _`peterbrittain/asciimatics`: https://github.com/peterbrittain/asciimatics
.. _`aperezdc/lua-wcwidth`: https://github.com/aperezdc/lua-wcwidth
.. _`joachimschmidt557/zig-wcwidth`: https://github.com/joachimschmidt557/zig-wcwidth
.. _`fumiyas/wcwidth-cjk`: https://github.com/fumiyas/wcwidth-cjk
.. _`joshuarubin/wcwidth9`: https://github.com/joshuarubin/wcwidth9
.. _`spectreconsole/wcwidth`: https://github.com/spectreconsole/wcwidth
.. _`contour-terminal/libunicode`: https://github.com/contour-terminal/libunicode
.. _`jacobsandlund/uucode`: https://github.com/jacobsandlund/uucode
.. _`ridiculousfish/widecharwidth`: https://github.com/ridiculousfish/widecharwidth
.. _`termux/wcwidth`: https://github.com/termux/wcwidth
.. _`powerman/wcwidth-icons`: https://github.com/powerman/wcwidth-icons
.. _`mycoboco/wcwidth.js`: https://github.com/mycoboco/wcwidth.js
.. _`ainame/swift-displaywidth`: https://github.com/ainame/swift-displaywidth
.. _`pmonks/clj-wcwidth`: https://github.com/pmonks/clj-wcwidth
.. _`python-cmd2/cmd2`: https://github.com/python-cmd2/cmd2
.. _`stratis-storage/stratis-cli`: https://github.com/stratis-storage/stratis-cli
.. _`ihabunek/toot`: https://github.com/ihabunek/toot
.. _`saulpw/visidata`: https://github.com/saulpw/visidata
.. _`urwid/urwid`: https://github.com/urwid/urwid
.. _`prettytable/prettytable`: https://github.com/prettytable/prettytable
.. _`leviathan0992/Pylsy`: https://github.com/leviathan0992/Pylsy
.. _`pip-tools`: https://pip-tools.readthedocs.io/
.. _`sphinx`: https://www.sphinx-doc.org/
.. _`textwrap.wrap()`: https://docs.python.org/3/library/textwrap.html#textwrap.wrap
.. _`str.ljust()`: https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str.ljust
.. _`str.rjust()`: https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str.rjust
.. _`str.center()`: https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str.center
.. _`str.expandtabs()`: https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str.expandtabs
.. _`General Tabulated Summary`: https://ucs-detect.readthedocs.io/results.html#tabulated-results
.. _`wcwidth()`: https://wcwidth.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#wcwidth.wcwidth
.. _`wcswidth()`: https://wcwidth.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#wcwidth.wcswidth
.. _`wcstwidth()`: https://wcwidth.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#wcwidth.wcstwidth
.. _`width()`: https://wcwidth.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#wcwidth.width
.. _`iter_graphemes()`: https://wcwidth.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#wcwidth.iter_graphemes
.. _`iter_graphemes_reverse()`: https://wcwidth.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#wcwidth.iter_graphemes_reverse
.. _`grapheme_boundary_before()`: https://wcwidth.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#wcwidth.grapheme_boundary_before
.. _`ljust()`: https://wcwidth.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#wcwidth.ljust
.. _`rjust()`: https://wcwidth.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#wcwidth.rjust
.. _`center()`: https://wcwidth.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#wcwidth.center
.. _`wrap()`: https://wcwidth.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#wcwidth.wrap
.. _`clip()`: https://wcwidth.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#wcwidth.clip
.. _`strip_sequences()`: https://wcwidth.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#wcwidth.strip_sequences
.. _`propagate_sgr()`: https://wcwidth.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#wcwidth.propagate_sgr
.. _`TextSizing`: https://wcwidth.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#wcwidth.TextSizing
.. _`TextSizingParams`: https://wcwidth.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#wcwidth.TextSizingParams
.. _`iter_sequences()`: https://wcwidth.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#wcwidth.iter_sequences
.. _`list_versions()`: https://wcwidth.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#wcwidth.list_versions
.. _`list_term_programs()`: https://wcwidth.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#wcwidth.list_term_programs
.. _`Unicode Standard Annex #29`: https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr29/
.. _`Terminal.detect_ambiguous_width()`: https://blessed.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api/terminal.html#blessed.terminal.Terminal.detect_ambiguous_width
.. _`parity padding`: https://jazcap53.github.io/pythons-eccentric-strcenter.html
.. _`kitty text sizing protocol`: https://sw.kovidgoyal.net/kitty/text-sizing-protocol/
.. _`Grapheme Clusters and Terminal Emulators`: https://mitchellh.com/writing/grapheme-clusters-in-terminals
.. _`terminal-unicode-core.tex`: https://github.com/contour-terminal/terminal-unicode-core/blob/master/spec/terminal-unicode-core.tex
.. _`State of Terminal Emulators in 2025`: https://www.jeffquast.com/post/state-of-terminal-emulation-2025/
.. _`Perfecting Terminal Character Width Using Correction Tables (2026)`: https://www.jeffquast.com/post/perfecting-terminal-character-width-using-correction-tables/
.. _XTVERSION: https://vtdn.dev/docs/dcs/xtversion/
.. _ENQ: https://documentation.help/PuTTY/config-answerback.html
.. _detectable: https://ucs-detect.readthedocs.io/results.html#terminal-identification
.. |pypi_downloads| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/dm/wcwidth.svg?logo=pypi
    :alt: Downloads
    :target: https://pypi.org/project/wcwidth/
.. |codecov| image:: https://codecov.io/gh/jquast/wcwidth/branch/master/graph/badge.svg
    :alt: codecov.io Code Coverage
    :target: https://app.codecov.io/gh/jquast/wcwidth/
.. |license| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/wcwidth.svg
    :target: https://pypi.org/project/wcwidth/
    :alt: MIT License
